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NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)
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NREL is the U.S. Department of Energy's primary national laboratory for renewable energy and energy efficiency research and development. NREL is operated for DOE by Midwest Research Institute and Battelle. >> More
 
News Releases
December 7, 2007
Southwestern Energy Service Providers Work Together to Get Large-Scale Solar Project Built
A multi-state consortium of southwestern energy service providers is issusing a Request for Proposal (RFP) for a utility-scale concentrating solar power plant. The plant would be owned by a third party, with consortium members each signing long-term purchase power agreements. The plant, with size, design, and location to be determined by the RFP submissions, is expected to produce 250 megawatts and be located in either Arizona or Nevada.
 
December 4, 2007
Energy Lab Sets Aggressive Greenhouse Gas Reduction Goal
The U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has pledged to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 75 percent from 2005 to 2009. The new goal is part of NREL's participation in the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Climate Leaders program.

November 29, 2007
Assistant Secretary Announces New Solar Initiative
Alexander Karsner, Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, today announced a new solar energy initiative designed to speed adoption of low-cost concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies into the marketplace.

October 30, 2007
Department of Energy'S National Renewable Energy Lab to Dramatically Increase Use of Clean, Renewable Energy
New "Green Building," Biomass and Solar Facilities to Transform how NREL Uses Power
Tuesday, October 30, 2007
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Secretary Samuel W. Bodman today participated in a groundbreaking ceremony for a highly efficient and “green” Research Support Facility, and announced two major renewable power projects at the Department’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). These projects further President Bush’s to increase the use of clean, renewable energy and maximize energy efficiency across the federal government. NREL’s new Research Support Facility promises to be one of the most “green” buildings ever constructed; the new Renewable Fuel Heating Plant will use biomass to cut NREL’s future natural gas use by 75 percent; and the Mesa Top PV Project ? a new five-acre photovoltaic array, and one of the largest solar power systems in Colorado ? will help power the lab’s main campus.

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Energy Lab to Evaluate Performance of UPS Hybrid-Electric Vans
New delivery trucks expected to save fuel, reduce harmful emissions
August 23, 2007

The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is collecting and analyzing maintenance, fuel economy and other vehicle performance data from 50 UPS hybrid diesel step delivery vans powered by an Eaton Corp. electric hybrid propulsion system.
Funded by the DOE's Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity (AVTA), NREL's Fleet Test & Evaluation (FT&E) team is performing a 12-month evaluation of some of these 50 hybrid vans at UPS locations in Dallas and Phoenix.
As part of a year-long demonstration project that started this month, the FT&E team will collect and analyze maintenance, fuel-economy and other vehicle performance data on the vans, which are being used in delivery service. The diesel hybrid delivery vans are expected to improve UPS fleet fuel economy and dramatically decrease vehicle emissions, while maintaining the same reliability and overall performance as conventional vehicles. NREL will publish its findings in fall 2008.
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Unique Quantum Effect Found in Silicon Nanocrystals
Quantum Dot Materials May Improve Efficiency of Silicon Solar Cells
Tuesday, July 24, 2007
Researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), collaborating with Innovalight, Inc., have shown that a new and important effect called Multiple Exciton Generation (MEG) occurs efficiently in silicon nanocrystals. MEG results in the formation of more than one electron per absorbed photon.

Silicon is the dominant semiconductor material used in present day solar cells, representing more than 93 percent of the photovoltaic cell market. Until this discovery, MEG had been reported over the past two years to occur only in nanocrystals (also called quantum dots) of semiconductor materials that are not presently used in commercial solar cells, and which contained environmentally harmful materials (such as lead).
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NREL & Innovalight, Inc.,は、「MEG (multiple excitation generation) がsilicon nanocrystal, i.e., quantum dots, で効率的に発生する」ことを確認した。
MEG効果により、吸収photon一個に対し一個以上の電子が発生する。

この発見で、solar cellsの変換効率が向上することとなる。
また、MEG効果を示す半導体材料の幅を広げ、さらにNozik氏の予測を再確認することとなった。
Nozik氏は、1997年に量子ドットが効率的に電子を増倍し、solar cellの変換効率を上げると予測している。

「吸収photon一個に対し一個以上の電子が発生する」現象についてのこれまでの実験はoptical spectroscopyに基づいて行なわれてきた。
しかし、量子ドットで発生する電子を拾い、外部回路に流し、電力が実際に発生することを確認する必要がある。現在、NREL, Innovalightなどがこの実験を行なっている。
Mark Hanna氏とNozik氏は、集光なしのsunlightでは44%、集光した(500倍)sunlightでは68%の変換効率(理論値、最高効率)となるとしている。
ちなみに、これまでのsolar cells (吸収photon一個に対し一個の電子が発生する)の場合、同じ条件での理論変換効率の最高値は33%と40%である。

なお、initial on-line version of the American Chemical Society's Nano Letters Journal, published on July 24で、NREL teamが、Innovalight, Inc.,から得たsilicon nanocrystalsを用い、420 nm以下の波長領域のsunlightで「吸収photon一個に対し一個以上の電子が発生する」することを報告している。
MEGがsilicon crystal nanocrystalsのみで発生することは二年前から報告されてきいる。

   

 

 

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NREL/Boeing Spectrolab Team Wins Research and Development Award

Friday, July 20, 2007
A solar cell produced by Boeing Spectrolab under a subcontract with the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) National Renewable Energy Laboratory is among this year’s most significant innovations, as judged by Research & Development (R&D) Magazine.

The NREL/ Boeing Spectrolab R&D 100 Award for 2007 recognizes the High-Efficiency Metamorphic Multi-junction (HEMM) Concentrator Solar Cell, the first solar cell to break the 40 percent conversion efficiency barrier ? the solar equivalent of breaking the four-minute mile.

"This R&D 100 award is another important milestone in NREL’s 30 year history of developing clean energy technologies, many of which are now available to the consumers," Director Dan Arvizu said. "Breaking the 40 percent barrier is a significant step in reducing the cost of solar energy, a goal set by the President in his Solar America Initiative."
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NREL(米国立再生可能エネルギー研究所)とBoeing Spectrolabがsolar cell#1の光電変換効率の壁である40%を突破したことは、すでに報じられています#2。
この技術に対しResearch & Development (R&D) Magazineの2007 R&D 100 Award#3を得ました。

R&D 100 Awardは市場競争力を持つ新製品を初期段階で後押しする賞として45年間続いている権威ある賞のようです#3。internetで検索すると、日本では、過去に島津製作所の「LCMS-IT-TOF」などが選ばれているのが見られます。

変換効率40%の値は、計画通りの値であり、正確には40.7%である。
concentration of 240 suns下で測定した値である。
このHEMM集光型太陽電池に使用されているsolar cellはGaInP/GaInAs/Geのtriple-junction cellであり、mismatched materials (格子不整合系材料)を使用している。
材料選択の幅が広がり、45%程度まで効率を上げることができ、また、「設計自由度が大幅に増し、four, five, and six-junction cellsと層数を増すことができ、50%以上の変換効率が得ることができるとのことである。(Dr. Martha Symko-Davies, research senior supervisor.)」

#1: solar cell: High-Efficiency Metamorphic Multi-junction (HEMM) Concentrator Solar Cell (高効率メタモルフィック多接合 (HEMM) を用いた集光型太陽電池)
#2: News Release by Boeing on Dec. 6, 2006
#3: "The Oscars of Invention"- The Chicago Tribune
For 45 years, the prestigious R&D 100 Awards have been helping companies provide the important initial push a new product needs to compete successfully in the marketplace. The winning of an R&D 100 Award provides a mark of excellence known to industry, government, and academia as proof that the product is one of the most innovative ideas of the year. (The 2007 R&D 100 Awards competition is closed.)